Israel Emanuel (Eliezer Menachem)

Descendants of Israel Emanuel

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Israel Emanuel (Eliezer Menachem), birth ± 1700, died 24 Sep 1766 Hardenberg Holland, son of Emanuel (Menachem) and ?
1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); 1768 Resolution of the Overijseel Ridderschap, (Resolutions Overijseel Ri dderschap archive no. 3.1, inventory nos. 92 and 227, Historisch Centrum Overijssel, Zwolle, copy also in Hardenberg Archive, nr. 057, Collection van Riemsdijk, inv. nr. 2) lists two of his sons as Salomon Israel and Emanuel Israel, thus suggestin g his first name of Israel; His son, Salomon's 1776 application for residence in Assen, gives his father's name as Israel. (Hulst, F.J. and Luning, H.M., De Joodse gemeente Assen, Vanderveen, Assen, 1991, p. 19).
While Israel was his Hebrew name, he appears to have used Eliezer as his kinnui, secular name. The 1751 Amsterdam marriage proclamation for his son, Jonas Israel, was signed in Hebrew by Jonas as Jonah the son of EliezerØ. (30/4/1751 Amst erdam Civil Marriage Proclamations, book 731, p. 357, Jonas Israel and Judica RometØ). The 1764 marriage proclamation of Israels daughter, Rachel, stated that her father was Israel Emanuel, a marriage proclamation of 1776 (wedding neve r held) gave her name as Raphel Eliazar, and her third marriage proclamation, also of 1776, gave her name as Rachel Eliaser. (1764 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, book 741, p. 27, Joseph MeijerØ; 8/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Pr oclamation, book 749, page 159, Joseph Juda MeijerØ; 2/8/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, p. 93 . Her 18/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Contract (archive nr. 5075, inventory 15297, notary nr. 409, Municipal Archive of Amsterda m, Andries JacobØ) gave her name as Rachel Eliaser and she signed her Hebrew name as Rechel daughter of Elez.
The 1793 marriage proclamation of Rachels daughter, Judith, gave her mothers name as Rachel Eliaser.(1793 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, 3/5/1793, Levie IsaaksØ, book 760, page 89). The 1765 marriage proclamation of Israe ls daughter, Sara, stated that her name was Sara Israel, while her second marriage proclamation of 1769 gave her name as Sara Eliaser. (29/11/1765 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, Book 741, p. 414); 22/9/1769 Amsterdam civil marriage pr oclamation (Book 745, page 91). 1795 Hardenberg Gravestone (Akevot, Het Stenen Archief, Hardenberg Holt, 73-12) of his son, Jonas, gave his name as Judah, the son of Eliezer; 1821 Hardenberg Holt Gravestone (73-22, Op. Cit.) of his son, Emanuel , states that his name was Menachem bar Elazer haLevi. (Note that, here, his father is identified as a Levite.)
A number of historical books and articles also make the connection between Israel Emanuel and Eliezer Menachem, though they do not cite specific sources. (See: Historie Kamer Hardenberg (Israel EmanuelØ, Namenindex, www.historiekamer.nl/in dex.shtmll); Coevorden Family Book (Coevorder Familieboek, Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157); Corwin (Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaa n van het Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963,, pp. 13, 35) and Huyser-Verhoef (Huyser-Verhoef, Maria A., Rabbi Eliezer ben Menachem tot Israel Emanuelplein: Sporen Van 250 Jaar Joods Leven in HardenbergØ, Geschiedenisscriptie eerste graa d Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden, 1989, pp. 4-5, 23-25).
His birth date is an approximation, based on the approximate birth date of his daughter, Hillegonde and the approximate birth date of his son, Ruben.
1765 marriage record of his daughter, Sara (Amsterdam, 29/11/1765, Sara Israels and Eliaser Salomons) stated that he was deceased; 30/8/1768 Gumpert David testimony, in the interrogation of Emanuel and Salomon Israël (Protocollenboken of Coevorde n, Coevorden Archive 0102, Schultengerechten, inv. nr. 7 book 10; also cited in Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van het Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963, pp. 17-19, but dated wrong ly as 10/7/1777) stated that Israel Emanuel was deceased; 1770 mortgage document (Op. Cit.) stated that Annegien Ruben was a widow. His death, most certainly, did not occur before 9/12/1765, which is when he signed his will. (1765 Will of Israe l Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).
Two gravestones have been found in the Jewish Old Hardenberg cemetery, both bearing the name of Eliezer ben Menachem and both stating that he died and was buried on Hoshanah Rabah. (Akevot, Het Stenen Archief, Hardenberg Holt). One of them (73-11 ) is broken, and it seems that a second stone (73-09) was then made to replace it. Since Israel was also known as Eliezer and since Menachem is sometimes used as a kinnui for Emanuel, and since no record of a separate individual in Heemse or Harde nberg known as Eliezer Menachem has been found, and since the later gravestone calls him the ancestor of the generationsØ and it is known that Israel Emanuel was the father of many (see his descendants, below), it seems reasonable to assum e that Israel Emanuel is to be identified with Eliezer Menachem and that this is his grave. (Coorespondance from Ben Noach and Moshe Mossel, December, 2015).
Israel Emanuels second gravestone(73-9), however, states that his death occurred in(5)526 (6/10/1765), two months before Israel signed his will on 9/12/1765. (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Op. Cit.). The discrepancy betwee n the date of death on the second gravestone and the date of Israel Emanuels will, could be resolved by declaring that the death date on the gravestone is a copying error. There is already evidence of another stone in the cemetery (73-22) tha t is inscribed with the wrong year. (Correspondence with Ben Noach, April, 2016). Since the Hebrew letter for 6 (Îò) and the Hebrew letter for 7 (Îû) look closely alike, it is possible that the stonecutter, in making a replacement stone, misrea d the number on the original stone as (5)526 instead of (5)527. If that is the case, Israel Emanuel/Menachem ben Eliezers death would have occurred 24/9/1766. The older stone, however, greatly worn, and rather crudely chiseled, unfortunatel y does not conclusively show that the original letter was a Îû(7)and not a Îò(6).
The Coevorden Family Book (Op. Cit.) and Historie Kamer Hardenberg (Op. Cit.) state that Eliezer ben Menachem was a rabbi. Corwin states (Op. Cit., p. 13) that the gravestone in the Hardenberg cemetery is of Rabbi Eliezer the son of Menache mØ but there is nothing on his gravestone to indicate this and no other sources given for this assertion. It is possible that this misidentification of him as a rabbi is based upon an erroneous translation of another stone in the Hardenberg ce metery, that of R. Eliezer the son of R. Menachem, whereby R. was mistranslated as rabbiØ rather than rebØ (mister). The date on this stone, however, is 5621(1861),almost 100 years after Eliezer Menachem died.
Married ± 1722 to:
Annigje Rubens, birth ± 1700, died after 1772 Hardenberg Holland
1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) lists her name as Anne; 1765 Hardenberg Will of Israel Immanuel and Anneg ien Rubens (Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271); 1770 mortgage document (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774) gives her name as Annegie n Ruben; Her son, Salomon's 1776 application for residence in Assen, gives his mother's name as Annigje Rubens. (Hulst, F.J. and Luning, H.M., De Joodse gemeente Assen, Vanderveen, Assen, 1991, p. 19). This suggests that her fathers name wa s Ruben. Though her daughter, Sara, stated in her 1865 marriage document (Sara Israels and Eliaser Salomons, Amsterdam, 29/11/1765) that Annigje was deceased, this was not correct. 1772 mortgage document (22/7/1772), folio 194, Old Judicial Reco rds of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774) clearly shows her alive at that time.

1) Ruben Israels, birth 1723 Heemse?, died after 1786 Heemse Holland
He does not appear in the 1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) but his wife is listed with the family of Israe l Emanuel. 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271) lists one of his sons as Ruben. 1829 Wa geningen death record (22/10/1829, nr. 58, Gouda RubensØ) gives her fathers name as Ruben Israels of Hardenberg. 1786 Will of Ruben Ijsraels (21/7/1786, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 14, 1775- 1787, fol. 291) indicates he died after that date; the birth of his grandson, Ruben, in 1792/93, suggests his death by then. (14/11/1828 Lienden Marriage Record, nr. 10, Ruben SchaapØ, stated that he was 35 years old: b.1792/93).
Married ± 1745 to:
Hesther Abrahams, birth 1725, died before 1755
1748 Heemse Census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) lists Hester as Israels daughter-in-law; 1829 Wageningen death recor d (22/10/1829, nr. 58, Gouda RubensØ) gives her mothers name as Hester Abrahams.

2) Tabitha , birth 1725 Heemse?, died after 1765
She does not appear in the 1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll). 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rub ens lists one of his daughters as Tabita. (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).

3) Sara Israels, birth 1727 Heemse?, died after 1769 Amsterdam
She does not appear in the 1748 Heemse census. (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rube ns lists one of his daughters as Sara. (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271); 29/11/1765 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation (Book 741 , p. 414, Eliaser SalomonsØ) stated that Sara Israel was 38 years old (b.1726/27). Her death occurred after her second marriage in 1769 (22/9/1769 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation, Book 745, page 91, Benedictus HeijmanØ).
Married 29 Nov 1765 Amsterdam to:
Eliaser Salomons, birth 1725 Amsterdam, died ± 1768 Amsterdam
29/11/1765 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation (Book 741, p. 414). He was born in Amsterdam.

4) Adel , birth 1728 Heemse?, died after 1765
She does not appear in the 1748 Heemse census. 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his daughters as Adel. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschieden is/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll);
(1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).

5) Jonas Bromet (Israels), birth ± 1729 Heemse? Holland, died after 1795 Hardenberg Holland
He does not appear in the 1748 Heemse census. 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his sons as Jonas. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/be volkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll);
(1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).
He appears in the 1795 census, living on Achterstraat in Hardenberg so his death is after that. (Zwolle archive, transcribed and found on Historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1795.shtml). He was 65 when he died. He was buried in th e Hardenberg cemetery. (Historie Kamer Hardenberg, http://www.historiekamer.nl/). Jonas Israel of Hardenberg vs. Judica Philips BrommetØ (26/3/1792, inv. nr. 36, archive nr. 32, Archive of the Drost of Salland, Zwolle) stated that he wa s age 70 in 1792 (b. 1722).
Married ± 1749 to:
Rebecca Moses, birth ± 1730, died before 1751
1751 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation (Book 731, page 357, Jonas IsraelØ) states that he was a widower.
1751 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation (4/30/1751, Book 731, page 357, Jonas IsraelØ).

6) Levi (Lazarus) van Coevorden (Israels), birth ± 1730 Heemse? Holland, died ± 1799 Coevorden Holland
He appears in the 1748 Heemse census as over 10 years old (b. <1738). (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); Coevorde r Familieboek (Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157 ) states that he was born around 1745 which is not correct. 1763 Coevorden Residence Permission (Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenber g en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van het Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963, p. 25) stated that he was born in Heemse in 1745. 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his sons as Levij. (1765 Will of Israe l Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271); 1770 mortgage document of Annegien Ruben (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13 , 1769-1774) lists her son as Levij Ijsrael; He was buried in the Coevorden cemetery at the age of 53/54. (Corwin).
Married 28 May 1765 Coevorden Holland to:
Sippora (Devorah) van Raalte, birth ± 1745 Raalte Holland, died 15 May 1826 Groningen Holland
See 28/5/1765 Coevorden Citizenship Declaration for Levi Israel and Debora Salomon (Burgerboek Van Coevorden, 1608-1809, f.67, Levi IsraelØ, transcribed by Rijksarcheif In Drenthe as alphabetische Klapper op het burgerboek Van Coevorde n, 1975, p. 15). 1770 mortgage document of Anniengen Ruben, stated that her son, Levij Ijsrael, was married to Sipora Salomons. (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774). 1826 Gronigen death record (15/ 5/1826, nr. 262, Sippora Salomon van RaalteØ) stated that she was 84 years old (b.1741/42) born in Raalte. The birth of her son, Benjamin, in 1785, suggests the latest date for her birth would be 1744/45.
5/28/1765 Coevorden Citizenship Declaration for Levi Israel and Debora Salomon, Burgerboek Van Coevorden, 1608-1809, f.67, Levi IsraelØ, transcribed by Rijksarcheif In Drenthe as alphabetische Klapper op het burgerboek Van Coevorden, 19 75, p. 15.

7) Hillegonda , birth ± 1732 Heemse? Holland, died after 1788 Coevorden Holland
1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) lists her as over 10 years old (born <1738). 1765 Will of Israel Immanue l and Annegien Rubens (Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271) lists one of his daughters as Gonde; Corwin ("Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaa n van het Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, 1963, p. 35) and Coevorder Familiebock Book (Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157) mistakenly identify Berend and his brother, Bendix, as the same person , and thus confuse Hillegonde with Bendixs wife, stating that she died soon after childbirth in Hoogeveen in 1770. (See de Hes-Marbus, De gebroeders Berend en Bendix Salomon suit CoevordenØ, Ons Waardeel, 1, 1990, for a detailed hist ory of the two brothers and their offspring). Rather, Hillegonda died in Coevorden in or after 1788. (See 1788 petition of Salomon Berends to Burgermeesteren en Gezwoore Gemeente van de Stad Coevorden, quoted in de Hes-Marbus, p. 33, asking perm ission to marry Marrie Jonas and to reside in Coevorden to take care of his parents who were frail and ill.)
Married ± 1769 to:
Berend Salomon, birth 14 Jan 1730 Coevorden Holland, died 8 Jan 1819 Coevorden Holland
17/5/1833 Coevorden marriage record, Hijman Ephraim and Geertje Salomon Bromet. 5/6/1798 case of Emanuel Joseph vs. Joel Isaak (Coevorden Archive, nr. 0116, inv. 195) stated that Berend was almost 69 (b.1728/29). Corwin ("Joodse vestiginge n in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van het Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, 1963, p. 35) and de Hes-Marbus (De gebroeders Berend en Bendix Salomon suit CoevordenØ, Ons Waardeel, 1, 1990, p. 31) give his birth dat e as 14/1/1730. (No source given but is probably Coevorden birth record). 5/4//1777 letter from Coevorden Mayor and Alderman to Klaas van Engen (Coevorden Archive, nr. 0116, inv. nr. 195) identifies him as the brother in law of Levi Israels (Hi llegondes brother). 1/9/1819 Coevorden death records gives his death as 1/8/1819. Corwin (35) stated that he and his son took the name of Bromet in 1812; de-Hes-Marbus (35) stated that they took it in 1813.
Since their son, Salomon was born around 1770, a marriage date around 1769 seems likely. (Corwin, "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van het Provinciaal Museum van Drenthe, 1963, p. 36); 1788 Coevorde n Petition of Salomon Berends (Rijks Archeif Drenthe, Archief Coevorden, inv. nr. 192, cited in de Hes-Marbus (De gebroeders Berend en Bendix Salomon suit CoevordenØ, Ons Waardeel, 1, 1990, p. 35).

8) Rachel , birth 1738 Heemse?, died 3 Feb 1811 Amsterdam
She appears in the 1748 Heemse census as under 10 years old (b. >1738); 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his daughters as Rachel. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www. historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).
1765 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation (Joseph MeijerØ, book 741, page 27) states that Raaghel IsraelsØ was 27 years old (b.1737/38), living with her father, Israel Emanuel, of Hardenberg. An 1809 Amsterdam list (Rachel Isra el/Rechla widow of Anshil WijschenkØ, in Mossel, Moshe, Lijst van gealimenteerde hoogduits-joodse armen te Amsterdam in 1809, Nederlandse Kring voor Joodse Genealogie, 1993, p. 55, line 18) stated that she was 75 years old (b.1733/34); Inde x of Zeeburg Burials (Van Straten, Jits, De begraafboeken van Zeeburg) stated that the widow of Asser Wijnschenk was 72 or 73 years old in February of 1811 (b.1738/39). Index of Zeeburg Burials (Op. Cit.) stated that the widow of Asser Wijnschen k was buried in Amsterdam on 3/2/1811.
She was engaged in 1776 to be married in Amsterdam to Joseph Juda Meier(b.1744) but the wedding did not take place. 18/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation (Book 749, page 159, Joseph Joda MeijerØ) stated that he was 32, from Lands burg, and was marrying Raphel EliazarØ of Hardenberg, the widow of Josep Meijer. However, the record was crossed out and a note written on it that the couple did not show up at the ceremony. Instead, she married Andries Jacob Wijnschenk . (2/8/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation , p. 93, Andries JacobØ).
Married 4 Jan 1765 Amsterdam to:
Joseph Meier Wolkratser, birth ± 1735 Wanfgried (Halberstad), died 17 May 1772 Amsterdam
4/1/1765 Amsterdam civil marriage proclamation (Joseph MeijerØ, book 741, p. 27) . His name was Joseph Meyer Wolkratsen, he was born in Wanfried (Halberstadt) and he died 14 Iyar, 5532 (17/5/1772) in Amsterdam. (Cited, with no source, in Ak evoth: http://www.stenenarchief.nl/genealogie/gezin/humo1_ashk/F750/I4878/).
There are three other possibilities for children of Rachel and Joseph: 1793 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation (3/5/1793, Levie IsaaksØ, book 760, page 89) stated that Judith Joseph of Amsterdam, Jewish, was the daughter of Rachel Eliase r, and was 28 years old (b. 1864/65). However, why was she not listed, as her other children were, in Rachel Eliasers 18/7/1776 marriage proclamation for her second, soon to be delayed, marriage? (18/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Contract , archive nr. 5075, inventory 15297, notary nr. 409, nr. 585, Municipal Archive of Amsterdam, Andries JacobØ).
A Rachel Eliaser and Joseph had a son, Raphael, born 9/11/1765 in Amsterdam. (Amsterdam Circumcision Book, 1311, nr. 98, 3 Kislev 5526, Rafael ben Yakov Yosef WolgarberØ, cited in Akevoth: http://www.stenenarchief.nl/genealogie/gezin/humo1 _ashk/F750/I4878/). Raphaels last name is given, however, as Wolgarber not Wolkraster and his fathers name as Jacob Joseph not Joseph Meijer. There, are, however, no other Wolgarber families found in Amsterdam, and no other Wolkraster s except for Joseph Meijer and his family. Thus Raphael might be the son of Joseph Meijer and Rachel. (Yet, why was he not listed, as her other children were, in Rachel Eliasers 18/7/1776 marriage proclamation for her projected second marria ge?)
31/3/1797 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation (Book 642, page 91) has an entry for Alexander Aron, age 27, marrying Alida Meijer, age 28. Her mother was Rachel Eliaser. (Yet, why was he not listed, as her other children were, in Rachel Eliase rs 18/7/1776 marriage proclamation for her projected second marriage?)
1765 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation (Joseph MeijerØ, book 741, page 27)

9) Emanuel de Bruin (Israels), birth 1739 Heemse? Holland, died 24 Apr 1821 Heemse Holland
He appears (ManuelØ) in the 1748 Heemse census as under 10 years old (b. >1738). 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his sons as Emanuel. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historica l Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271). Har denberg death record (25/4/1821, No. 18, Emanuel de Bruin) stated that he was 82 when he died in Heemse. He was buried in the Hardenberg cemetery.
Married ± 1770 to:
Mina Josephs, birth 1755 Amsterdam Holland, died 15 Apr 1813 Heemse Holland
Coevorder Familieboek (Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157 ) stated that she was born in 1755 in Amsterdam, died 15/4/1813 in Hardenberg and was the daughter of Joseph Meijer and Sara Berend; Harde nberg Death record, (nr. 21) states that she died 15/4/1813. She was the step-daughter of Emanuels sister, Rachel, that is, after Minas birth, Rachel married Joseph Meijer.
Since their oldest son, Joseph Emanuels, was born in 1771, a marriage date of 1770 seems likely. (Hesselink-Zweer notes state that he was born 2/6/1771, though no source is given.)

10) Salomon Israel Hiegentlich, birth 25 Jul 1740 Hardenberg Holland, died 18 Feb 1832 Assen Holland
He appears in the 1748 Heemse census as under 10 years old (b. >1738). 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his sons as Salomon. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.histo riekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271). 1770 mortgage documen t of Annegien Ruben, lists her son as Salomon Ijsrael. (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774). 30/8/1768 Gumpert David testimony in the interrogation of Emanuel and Salomon Israël stated that he ha d been born 21 years ago (b.1747). (Protocollenboken of Coevorden, Coevorden Archive 0102, Schultengerechten, inv. nr. 7 book 10; also cited in Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van he t Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963, pp. 17-19, but dated wrongly as 10/7/1777). According to his 1776 petition to the Assen authorities, he was born 25/7/1740 in Hardenberg. (Hulst, F.J. and Luning, H.M., De Joodse gemeente Assen, Vanderveen , Assen, 1991, p. 19). 1811 Drenthe list of Able-Bodied men (Drenthe Weerbare Mannen, 1811, toegang 0001, inventory no. 1673, no. 64, Drents Archief, Assen), listed Salomon Israel of Assen, born 25/7/1740. 10/5/1820 Emmen marriage record of Ale xander Salomon and Vrowke Kropveld stated that his Hebrew name was Zekli. Assen death record (20/2/1832, no. 7, Salomon Israels Hiegenlich) stated that he was born in Hardenberg on 25/7/1740 and that he died 18/2/1832. He was buried in th e Assen cemetery. Coevorder Familieboek (Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157 ).
Married ± 1779 Holland to:
Mindele Jacobs Alexander, birth ± 1760, died 22 Dec 1801 Assen Holland
1812 marriage record of her son, Abraham Salomons gives his mothers name as Miendel Jacobs. (27/10//1812 Huwelijksakte Slochteren, no. 15, Salomon Israels and Rachel Lazarus OdewoldØ, Groninger Archieven). 21/6/1829 marriage record an d Huwelijkse bijlagen (ancillary marriage documents) 31/5/1829 Assen Judicial record (toegang 0166.022, inventory no. 1829, record No. 12, Drents Archief, Assen) of her son, Jacob Salomons Hiegenlich, stated that his mother was Mendel Jacobs Alex ander. Her birth is an estimate based on the birthdates of her earliest and latest children. 1812 marriage record of her son, Abraham Salomons Israels gives her death date as 22/12/1801 in Assen; 1829 marriage record of her son, Jacob Salomons He igenlich and 1829 Assen Judicial record both stated that she had been deceased over 20 years.

11) Magdalena , birth 1743 Hemse?, died after 1765
She appears in the 1748 Heemse census as under 10 years old (b. >1738). 1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens lists one of his daughters as Magdalena. (1748 Census, Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society , www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).

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