Emanuel (Menachem)

Descendants of Israel Emanuel

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Emanuel (Menachem), birth ± 1675, died before 1739
1770 mortgage document (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774) stated that Annegien Ruben was the widow of Israel Emanuel, that is, Israel, the son of Emanuel; 1832 Assen death record of Salomon Israel s Hiegenlich (20/2/1832, no. 7, Oude Staten Archieven, Assen) states that his father's name was Israel Immanuels Hiegenlich, suggesting that Israel's father was Emmanuel. (Emanuel did not have the last name of Hiegenlich which was adopted later , by his grandson, Salomon. See below). Since it appears that Emanuels son, Israel Emanuel, also went by the name, Eliezer Menachem (see below), this suggests that Emanuels secular name was Menachem. The secular name of Menachem was als o used by Emanuels grandson, Emanuel. (1821 Hardenberg Gravestone of Emanuel de Bruin,(Akevot, Het Stenen Archief, Hardenberg Holt, 73-22).
His birth date is an estimate, based on the estimated date of the birth of his son, Israel, in 1700 (see below). The latest date of his death is based on the birth of his grandson, Emanuel, in 1739 (see below).
His granddaughter, Rachel Israel (see below), was identified in 1776 as a German JewØ, thus suggesting that Emanuel (and his forebearers) were Ashkenasic Jews, born in Western Europe, and not Sephardic Jews, whose origins would have bee n in Spain. (19/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, Andries Jacob, book 749, page 187, archive nr. 5075, inventory 15297, notary nr. 409, Municipal Archive of Amsterdam). to:
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1) Israel Emanuel (Eliezer Menachem), birth ± 1700, died 24 Sep 1766 Hardenberg Holland
1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll); 1768 Resolution of the Overijseel Ridderschap, (Resolutions Overijseel Ri dderschap archive no. 3.1, inventory nos. 92 and 227, Historisch Centrum Overijssel, Zwolle, copy also in Hardenberg Archive, nr. 057, Collection van Riemsdijk, inv. nr. 2) lists two of his sons as Salomon Israel and Emanuel Israel, thus suggestin g his first name of Israel; His son, Salomon's 1776 application for residence in Assen, gives his father's name as Israel. (Hulst, F.J. and Luning, H.M., De Joodse gemeente Assen, Vanderveen, Assen, 1991, p. 19).
While Israel was his Hebrew name, he appears to have used Eliezer as his kinnui, secular name. The 1751 Amsterdam marriage proclamation for his son, Jonas Israel, was signed in Hebrew by Jonas as Jonah the son of EliezerØ. (30/4/1751 Amst erdam Civil Marriage Proclamations, book 731, p. 357, Jonas Israel and Judica RometØ). The 1764 marriage proclamation of Israels daughter, Rachel, stated that her father was Israel Emanuel, a marriage proclamation of 1776 (wedding neve r held) gave her name as Raphel Eliazar, and her third marriage proclamation, also of 1776, gave her name as Rachel Eliaser. (1764 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, book 741, p. 27, Joseph MeijerØ; 8/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Pr oclamation, book 749, page 159, Joseph Juda MeijerØ; 2/8/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, p. 93 . Her 18/7/1776 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Contract (archive nr. 5075, inventory 15297, notary nr. 409, Municipal Archive of Amsterda m, Andries JacobØ) gave her name as Rachel Eliaser and she signed her Hebrew name as Rechel daughter of Elez.
The 1793 marriage proclamation of Rachels daughter, Judith, gave her mothers name as Rachel Eliaser.(1793 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, 3/5/1793, Levie IsaaksØ, book 760, page 89). The 1765 marriage proclamation of Israe ls daughter, Sara, stated that her name was Sara Israel, while her second marriage proclamation of 1769 gave her name as Sara Eliaser. (29/11/1765 Amsterdam Civil Marriage Proclamation, Book 741, p. 414); 22/9/1769 Amsterdam civil marriage pr oclamation (Book 745, page 91). 1795 Hardenberg Gravestone (Akevot, Het Stenen Archief, Hardenberg Holt, 73-12) of his son, Jonas, gave his name as Judah, the son of Eliezer; 1821 Hardenberg Holt Gravestone (73-22, Op. Cit.) of his son, Emanuel , states that his name was Menachem bar Elazer haLevi. (Note that, here, his father is identified as a Levite.)
A number of historical books and articles also make the connection between Israel Emanuel and Eliezer Menachem, though they do not cite specific sources. (See: Historie Kamer Hardenberg (Israel EmanuelØ, Namenindex, www.historiekamer.nl/in dex.shtmll); Coevorden Family Book (Coevorder Familieboek, Historische Vereniging Stadt en Heerlickheydt CovodrenØ,1998, Part One, p. 157); Corwin (Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaa n van het Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963,, pp. 13, 35) and Huyser-Verhoef (Huyser-Verhoef, Maria A., Rabbi Eliezer ben Menachem tot Israel Emanuelplein: Sporen Van 250 Jaar Joods Leven in HardenbergØ, Geschiedenisscriptie eerste graa d Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden, 1989, pp. 4-5, 23-25).
His birth date is an approximation, based on the approximate birth date of his daughter, Hillegonde and the approximate birth date of his son, Ruben.
1765 marriage record of his daughter, Sara (Amsterdam, 29/11/1765, Sara Israels and Eliaser Salomons) stated that he was deceased; 30/8/1768 Gumpert David testimony, in the interrogation of Emanuel and Salomon Israël (Protocollenboken of Coevorde n, Coevorden Archive 0102, Schultengerechten, inv. nr. 7 book 10; also cited in Corwin, H. M., "Joodse vestigingen in Hardenberg en Coevorden", in Drentse Volksalmanak, Orgaan van het Provinciall Museum van Drenth, 1963, pp. 17-19, but dated wrong ly as 10/7/1777) stated that Israel Emanuel was deceased; 1770 mortgage document (Op. Cit.) stated that Annegien Ruben was a widow. His death, most certainly, did not occur before 9/12/1765, which is when he signed his will. (1765 Will of Israe l Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271).
Two gravestones have been found in the Jewish Old Hardenberg cemetery, both bearing the name of Eliezer ben Menachem and both stating that he died and was buried on Hoshanah Rabah. (Akevot, Het Stenen Archief, Hardenberg Holt). One of them (73-11 ) is broken, and it seems that a second stone (73-09) was then made to replace it. Since Israel was also known as Eliezer and since Menachem is sometimes used as a kinnui for Emanuel, and since no record of a separate individual in Heemse or Harde nberg known as Eliezer Menachem has been found, and since the later gravestone calls him the ancestor of the generationsØ and it is known that Israel Emanuel was the father of many (see his descendants, below), it seems reasonable to assum e that Israel Emanuel is to be identified with Eliezer Menachem and that this is his grave. (Coorespondance from Ben Noach and Moshe Mossel, December, 2015).
Israel Emanuels second gravestone(73-9), however, states that his death occurred in(5)526 (6/10/1765), two months before Israel signed his will on 9/12/1765. (1765 Will of Israel Immanuel and Annegien Rubens, Op. Cit.). The discrepancy betwee n the date of death on the second gravestone and the date of Israel Emanuels will, could be resolved by declaring that the death date on the gravestone is a copying error. There is already evidence of another stone in the cemetery (73-22) tha t is inscribed with the wrong year. (Correspondence with Ben Noach, April, 2016). Since the Hebrew letter for 6 (Îò) and the Hebrew letter for 7 (Îû) look closely alike, it is possible that the stonecutter, in making a replacement stone, misrea d the number on the original stone as (5)526 instead of (5)527. If that is the case, Israel Emanuel/Menachem ben Eliezers death would have occurred 24/9/1766. The older stone, however, greatly worn, and rather crudely chiseled, unfortunatel y does not conclusively show that the original letter was a Îû(7)and not a Îò(6).
The Coevorden Family Book (Op. Cit.) and Historie Kamer Hardenberg (Op. Cit.) state that Eliezer ben Menachem was a rabbi. Corwin states (Op. Cit., p. 13) that the gravestone in the Hardenberg cemetery is of Rabbi Eliezer the son of Menache mØ but there is nothing on his gravestone to indicate this and no other sources given for this assertion. It is possible that this misidentification of him as a rabbi is based upon an erroneous translation of another stone in the Hardenberg ce metery, that of R. Eliezer the son of R. Menachem, whereby R. was mistranslated as rabbiØ rather than rebØ (mister). The date on this stone, however, is 5621(1861),almost 100 years after Eliezer Menachem died.
Married ± 1722 to:
Annigje Rubens, birth ± 1700, died after 1772 Hardenberg Holland
1748 Heemse census (Israel de JodeØ, transcribed by Hardenberg Historical Society, www.historiekamer.nl/geschiedenis/bevolkingsregisters/1748/1748_10-15_heemse.shtmll) lists her name as Anne; 1765 Hardenberg Will of Israel Immanuel and Anneg ien Rubens (Archive 55.2.1, Old Judicial Records of Schoutambt Hardenberg, inv. nr. 12, 1769-1774, fol. 271); 1770 mortgage document (23/10/1770, Folio 143v, Old Judicial Records of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774) gives her name as Annegie n Ruben; Her son, Salomon's 1776 application for residence in Assen, gives his mother's name as Annigje Rubens. (Hulst, F.J. and Luning, H.M., De Joodse gemeente Assen, Vanderveen, Assen, 1991, p. 19). This suggests that her fathers name wa s Ruben. Though her daughter, Sara, stated in her 1865 marriage document (Sara Israels and Eliaser Salomons, Amsterdam, 29/11/1765) that Annigje was deceased, this was not correct. 1772 mortgage document (22/7/1772), folio 194, Old Judicial Reco rds of Hardenberg, inv. Nr. 13, 1769-1774) clearly shows her alive at that time.

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